v.动词
assert, affirm, allege, claim, declare这组词都有“以某种肯定口气提出…”的意思,它们之间的区别是:
1.allege表示“声称,伪称”,常有借口的意思。例如:
He alleged illness for a reason for not going to work.他称病,以此作为不去工作的理由。2.affirm表示“肯定,断言”,指坚信不疑因而断言。例如:
It may be safely affirmed that he is innocent.可以断言,他是无罪的。3.assert表示“主张,断言”,指宣称某事如此,并不说它是事实,着重主观自信心。例如:
He asserts the cause of liberty.他主张自由主义。4.claim表示“宣称”,语气比assert弱些。例如:
He claimed to be the rightful heir.他声称自己是合法继承人。5.declare意味着因否认某事而郑重地宣称。例如:
He declared that he had not done it.他声称他没干这事。assert, defend, justify, maintain, vindicate这组词都有“坚持”的意思。其区别在于:maintain指坚持维护某种主张或某一事物,暗示在反对意见面前或在争论当中怀有坚定不移的信念; assert强调把自己的信念强加于人或者企图硬要别人信服或认可; defend专指捍卫某种行动、意见、决定等以免受到非难、惩罚或责备; vindicate特指在受到非难、责备、轻视等时为自己辩明或剖白; justify指用无可辨别的理由“证明…有道理或有根据”。
assert，affirm，allege，maintain，testify，claim这些动词均含有“断言，声称”之意。
assert主观意味强，指自认为某事就是如此，而不管事实如何。
affirm侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。
allege多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。
maintain与assert近义，但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。
testify多指在法庭作证，庄严地宣称自己所说属实。
claim可与assert换用，但语气弱一些，侧重指行使自己的权利提出要求令他人承认。
1600年左右进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的asserere，意为宣告，保持。
用作动词 v.
～+副词assert arbitrarily武断地宣称assert boldly大胆断言assert emphatically强调地宣称assert erroneously错误地断言assert groundlessly无根据地断言assert ignorantly无知地断言assert persistently坚定地断言assert proudly自豪地宣称assert safely有把握地断言assert unanimously异口同声地断言～+介词assert with confidence满怀信心宣称assert with emphasis强调地宣称
asS,-er名人|物t-,-er名人|物⇒vt.断言⁷³;主张;坚持;生效⁶;维护²¹v.宣称;声明;声称;肯定地说出;坚持说;坚信;断定;明确肯定;主张拥有;维护²¹权利坚持自己的主张;坚决要求自己的权利被承认表明;说明;申张;宣布;发挥出来;起作用近义词 say说avow承认tell告诉swan天鹅state情形swear咒骂claim要求affirm证实uphold支持stress压力defend防守insist坚持avouch断言allege断言verify核实support支持testify作证propose打算on在 … 之上aver极力声明maintain维持profess 声称impute归罪于insist on坚持emphasize强调pronounce发音warrant委任状champion拥护者put forward提出proclaim正式宣布stand up for坚持renounce声明放弃asseverate郑重声言declare宣布声明…
用作动词v.
用作及物动词
S+ ～+n./pron.He asserted his ideas loudly and clearly.他大声明确地说出自己的想法。
She persistently asserted her opinions.她果断地说出了自己的意见。
He asserted his rights.他坚持自己的权利。
A leader must assert himself sometimes in order to be followed.一个领导有时应该表现出自己的领导权威,好让别人照他说的去做。
He wished to assert himself at work but did not know how to do it.他希望在工作中显示自己的权威,可是不知道如何去做。S+～+that-clauseHe asserted that this could be done.他宣称这是可行的。
The government has repeatedly asserted that it will not change its policy.政府一再重申其政策不会改变。
Her friends asserted that she was innocent.她的朋友断言她是无罪的。
用作宾补动词
S+～+ n./pron. +to be+ adj.He asserted this thing to be true.他断言这件事是真实的。
She asserted the charge to be incorrect.她断言这起指控是不正确的。
v.动词
assert的基本意思是“坚持”“断言”,即做主观的、自信的、有说服力的阐述。这种“主张”或“断言”尽管有时并无凭据,但是要让别人相信自己的话是有依据的,或要别人对凭据感兴趣。
assert是及物动词,接名词或名词性从句作宾语,也可以接“to be+ n./adj. ”作补足语的复合宾语。
注意区分assert和declare：He asserted that he was innocent.他申明他是无辜的.He asserted that his sister was innocent.以上表达方式是正确的。
He asserted himself to be innocent.该表达方式是错误，应改为He declared himself to be innocent。
动词99%,名词1%
用作及物动词Sheassertedthat he was innocent.她断言，他是无罪的。
We encouraged him to assert his view of the matter.我们鼓励他坚持自己对此事的看法。