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| 释义 | 质子 The radius of the proton is significantly smaller than previously thought, say physicists who have measured it to the best accuracy yet. The field lines are not actually visible, but they can be detected by sensors that count atomic particles— protons and electrons moving in the space around Earth. But theorists disagree on what might be the next magic number for protons. When it had cooled further, these protons and neutrons were able to get together to form the nuclei of the lightest elements— hydrogen, helium and lithium. For decades physicists had been building up their theory of matter entirely in terms of electrons and protons. The scientists are working on ways to recombine the protons and electrons back into hydrogen atoms and then molecules of H2. Quarks are the constituents of protons and neutrons, as well as more exotic things. This Lamb shift is a result of the interactions between the electron and the constituent quarks of the proton as described by QED. Sodium ions are much larger than protons, so they take longer to cross once they enter. Lead ions are significantly bigger than protons, so they carry more energy. The advantage of hydrogen is its unrivalled simplicity: one electron circles a single proton. With a pile more money, you can cut the proton and neutrons into their smallest parts, quarks, you will still have magnets with North and South poles. Hydrogen, the most common molecule in the universe, is just two atoms— each with one proton and one electron. So we get at the number of neutrons indirectly because we know the proton number here. He agreed that the holes could not have anything to do with protons, so there had to be some mysterious reason why they did not occur in nature. Through some mysterious force, Trufa understood the miracle of her molecules, atoms, protons and electrons- the enormous energy she represented and the divine plan of which she was a part. We cannot do anything about protons, they are buried in the nucleus, but we can add or subtract electrons. Physicists had pointed out that the proton pulses that were used to generate the neutrinos that left CERN were of quite long durations, at10.5 microseconds. The new discovery, known as element118, is so called because it has a total of118 protons in its nucleus. A proton contains three charged quarks bound by the strong force and its radius is defined as the distance at which the charge density drops below a certain value. He then teamed up with the cancer centre at the University of California, Davis, to investigate the possibility of using a DWA for proton therapy. When a neutron inside an atom decays, it produces a proton, an electron, and a neutrino. As the universe expanded and cooled, some of these particles merged to form neutrons and protons. This is because they would have combined with protons and neutrons in ways that made it easier and faster for other nuclear reactions to occur. These interactions are slightly different for electrons occupying the2S and2P energy levels and the resulting energy shift depends in part on the radius of the proton. Only then can they hope to describe conditions at the big bang, when all space and time was compressed into a volume far smaller than a proton. This is then fed into a complicated QED calculation to obtain the radius of the proton. One of the best is a beam of protons. The process stripped protons and neutrons from the bismuth atoms, lowering the atoms' weight to that of gold atoms. |
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