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释义 by 英baɪ美baɪAHDbī ★★★★★小中高牛4研COCA³³BNC¹⁸iWeb²⁶Economist¹⁴
基本双解英英易错辨析词源搭配短语近义反义句型派生词用法例句Thesaurus
prep.靠近¹²;通过²⁸;被¹⁵;经由¹²;不迟于adv.经过¹⁵;在旁边;靠近

prep.介词
表示位置在…近旁; 在身边

near

表示时间不迟于; 在…时候

not later than

表示移动方向从…中经过

passing through or along

表示方式搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着

through the use or means of

表示原因随…而来

as the result of

表示方位偏于

inclined to one side

表示环境借着…光亮

depend upon the light of

表示关涉经过

passing through

表示程度以…之差

with disparity of

表示关系对待

treat

表示依据根据

in accordance with

表示比率以…幅度; 以…为单位; …比

…to the amount or degree of

表示累加一个接着

one by one

表示动作者被〔由〕; 由…创作〔演奏〕

show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc.


adv.副词
在近旁

near

经过,走过

past

保留

in reserve


Adverb:
so as to pass a given point;

every hour a train goes past

in reserve; not for immediate use;

started setting aside money to buy a car

put something by for her old age

has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day


prep.介词
我是坐船到美国来的。

❌ I came to America by a ship.

✔️ I came to America by ship.

by表示“乘”“坐”,后跟宾语,往往不加冠词。

他要坐6:30的火车走。

❌ He is leaving by 6:30 train.

✔️ He is leaving by the 6:30 train.

表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰,须加定冠词。


prep.介词
by, according to, from, in, on, under

这组词的共同意思是“根据”“按照”。其区别是:

according to是这组词中最常用的一个,可指依据某人的话语、说法、指示,也可指按照某计划、法规等,可以是正式的,也可以是非正式的; by的本意是“凭借某种手段、方式”,由此引申出“依据,按照”,其宾语常为某种规则、法规、标准、习俗等; from的本意是“来源”,由此引申出“根据事物的来源判断”; in指“依据”时,仅见于与eye, opinion, view等表示观点的名词或order, sequence等表示顺序的名词连用,还见于in law, in practice, in theory等短语中; on是根据事物发生和存在所依靠的基础这一用法,由此引申为“根据,按照”,与之连用的词一般是表示忠告、规则、命令、指示、协议、建议、原理的名词; under通常指根据正式的协议、法令、条款、合同等,含有在其控制或约束之下的意味。

by, after, at, for,from, over, through, with

这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:

1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。

2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。

by, at

这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:

1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。

2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。

by, before

这两个词都可表示“在…之前”。before所表示的时间不包括其宾语所指时间在内,与之连用的动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词; by所表示的时间包括宾语所指的时间在内,因而常译成“不迟于…”。

by, beside, near, on

这组词的共同意思是“靠近,在…旁边”。beside是一般用语,其宾语可以是表示任何人或事物的名词; by强调“紧贴”,其宾语可以是一般的人或事物,但更常见的是side或含有side的名词; near所指的距离要比by远得多,其宾语可是任何表示人或事物的名词; on一般表示与江〔河,湖,海〕岸或铁路线呈线状的地点相接触,含有“邻接,濒临”的意思。

by, about, on,with

参见about条。

by, in

这两个词都有“不迟于”的意思,但in表明的是一段时间; 而by只是用在日历上确定的时间,或者日历上的一点。

by oneself, alone

这两者均可译为“独自地”“单独地”,其差别主要在于:

1.从造成“独自地”原因上说, alone可以是主动的,也可以是被动的; 而by oneself则是主动的,是主观上愿意把自己与他人隔绝开来而造成的。例如:

他总是单独一个人吃午饭。

He always has his lunch alone.

只说明客观事实

He always has his lunch by himself.

含有愿意如此的意味

2.从“独自地”性质上说, alone可以是正常的,也可以是不正常的; 而by oneself则多是反常的,或者是出乎意料的。例如:

他自己单独生活。

He lives alone.

只说明客观事实

He lives by himself.

含有该成家却单身的反常意味

by, till

这两者均可与表示时间的词连用。by指动作在宾语所指的时间前发生,与非持续性动词连用; 而till则指动作或状态持续到宾语所指的时间为止,常与非持续性动词的否定形式或持续性动词连用。

来自PIE *ambhi, 在周围的。bhi, 同前缀bi-, 两。词源同two.
用作介词 prep.
动词+~abide by遵守,履行adopt by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过brush by触到,擦及carry by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过catch sb by surprise使某人吃惊,使惊异,使感到意外characterize by以…为特征clap sb by the heels给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱come by尤指通过努力得到,获得;偶然得到deal by对待die by one's own hand自杀divide by除do by待,对待do by halves做…半途而废do right by sb公平地对待某人,给某人应有的评价drop by the wayside半途而废,中途退出escape by the skin of one's teeth死里逃生fall by the wayside半途而废,中途退出fall together by the ears扭打起来;争吵起来get by通过障碍get sb by the short hairs控制住某人,使某人就范get the wrong sow by the ear弄错了人或事,得出错误结论go by从…经过go by default没有,缺乏;因疏忽或未该做的事而致丧失go by the board从外侧落出;被遗忘,被忽视;落空go by the book遵照规章行事go by the name of用…的名字go by the wayside被撇在一边,被搁置,被抛弃grab time by the forelock抓住时机hang by a hair千钧一发;岌岌可危;摇摇欲坠hang by a thread千钧一发,岌岌可危hang by the wall被搁置不用,被打入冷宫hang on by the eyelids千钧一发have a bear by the tail遇到难以应付或控制的事情have a tiger by the tail遇到劲敌;处境比预料的困难have a wolf by the ears处于危急境地have sb by the short hairs控制住某人,使某人就范hold by坚持;遵守;接受;赞成intoxicate sb by醉;陶醉于judge by按…判断,断定,认为know by sight与…只是面熟并不熟识lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走;完全控制某人lie by躺在…旁边live by one's wits靠耍花招或耍小聪明骗人过日子lay by放在…旁边lay sb by the heels把某人逮捕下狱;推翻某人;挫败某人live by以…为生计;遵守,遵循lose by因…遭受损失,因…而吃亏mean well by sb对某人怀有好意measure another's corn by one's own bushel以己度人measure another's man's foot by one's own last以己度人miss by a mile远远没有击中,完全离谱;遭到惨败,完全不成功oblige sb by为某人效劳,帮忙pass by经过,从…旁走过play it by ear根据情形行动,即时应付profit by得益pull up by the roots连根拔起push by赶上;超越repay…by以…酬报,回报replace…by以…替代〔置换〕seize time by the forelock抓住时机set by尊重,重视set by the ears使争吵set sb by the heels给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱sit by坐在…旁边sit by nelly跟别人学着做sth to remember sb by供别人记住某人的东西,别人赖以记住某人的东西;让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍speak by the card说话精确stand by支持或帮助;信守诺言等stand by one's side站在某人的旁边,道义上支持某人stick by忠于,对…真心;坚持,维护原则等swear by极其信赖;凭…发誓,以…名义发誓take an occasion by the forelock抓住时机take an opportunity by the forelock抓住时机take by抓住某物或某人的部位take…by storm攻占,袭击;使倾倒,使神魂颠倒take by surprise使吃惊,使感到意外;奇袭,使措手不及take sb by the short hairs控制住某人,使某人就范take the bull by the horns大胆地对付困难或危险take time by the forelock抓住时机tell by根据…判断〔推断〕vote by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过what do you mean by…?你说或做…是什么意思?你怎么胆敢…?你凭什么竟敢…?⎛win by a short head赛马时仅以一个马头的距离获胜,以极小的差别获胜,险胜⎠动词+名词+~do the handsome〔decent〕 thing by宽厚地〔亲切地,慷慨地〕对待set one's eyes〔an eye〕 by喜爱,看重~+名词as if by magic立即,飞快地,快得或好得令人难以置信的by a canvas以毫厘之差by a hair's breadth以极少的数量或极短的距离;险些,间不容发地by a long way远远地,大大地by a neck赛马中以一颈之差获胜或失利by a nose以少许之差by a short head赛马以不到一个马头的距离;以极少的量by a street以悬殊或差距,大幅度地by accident偶然,意外地by accident of凭机遇;靠命运by agency of由于…;通过…by air坐飞机by all或longodds大大胜过,远远超过by all accounts据说;根据报道by all appearances显然;外表上by all manner of means用一切手段;好的;当然by all means用一切手段;好的;当然by an eyelash差点儿不,几乎不by analogy用类推的方法by any chance或许;可能by any means用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何by any manner of means用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何by any possibility以任何可能的方法by any stretch of the imagination尽管怎样想象,任凭如何异想天开by avocation副业是by auction拍卖by appointment约定by birth出身by blood按血统by chance偶然by choice如果必须选择的话;凭爱好by coincidence巧合by common consent经一致同意by comparison with与…比较起来;通过比较by contract承包by contraries与预期的相反;与逻辑相违背;相反地by contrast相比之下by course of按…的惯例by courtesy of承蒙许可;承蒙好意by crack哎呀,我的天哪by day白天by default因对方、他队等未出场by definition根据定义;实质上by degrees逐渐地by dint of借…的力量,凭借;由于by ear凭听觉by easy stages途中有停歇地,行行歇歇地,从容不迫地by fair means or foul用正当或不正当的手段,不择手段地by fits and starts一阵一阵地;间歇地by force用武力by force of凭借,由于;以…手段by good luck侥幸by goods用货车装运by guess凭猜测by guess and by God凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计by guess and by Godfrey凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计by guess and by gosh凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计by guess and by golly凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计by half到极大程度,大大地by halves部分地,不完善地;半心半意地,不太热心地by hand人工的;捎来的by heart熟记by heaven哎呀,天哪by hook or by crook用种种方法;不择手段地by ill luck不巧by implication含蓄地;暗示地by inches差一点儿by instinct凭本能by leaps and bounds极其迅速地by lease以租借方式by long chalks远远地,大大地,在很大程度上by main strength以全力,靠全身力气by marriage通过姻亲关系by means of用…by mistake弄错by my faith我担保,千真万确by my troth我保证by name名为;名叫by nature天生by necessity of circumstances由于客观情况需要,为情势所迫by night在夜里,趁黑夜by no manner of means一点也不;决不by no means一点也不;决不not by a long chalk完全没有,一点也不not by a long shot远不,根本不not by a long sight远非;一点也不by number按数字,根据号码by numbers按数量上的优势by occasion of因为,由于by one's own admission自己所承认by one's own fair hand亲手,亲自by one's own bootstrap依靠自己的力量,自力更生地by one's own lights按照自己的能力by order of奉某人之命;按某人的命令by origin按出身by post邮寄by profession职业是by rail由铁路,用火车by reason of由于,因为by reason that因为,由于by reputation由名声by repute由名声by request of就…的要求或请求by retail零售by return由最近一班回程邮递by return of post由最近一班回程邮递by return of mail由最近一班回程邮递by right of因为,由于by rights按理说;基于正当或合法的权利by road由公路by rote凭记忆by rule按规则by rule and line精确地,精密地by sea由海路by sight仅识其面by some means or other用某种方法by the book严格按规则by the by顺便提一句by the bye顺便提一句by the day按日by the dozen按打;成打的地by the ears不和,在争吵中by the favour of烦请…面交by the grace of承蒙天恩by the gross大宗地,大量地;以批发方式by the hands of经由的…的手by the head船头吃水比船尾深的;微醉by the holy poke一定by the light of nature天生的;自然而然地by the job按每件工作by the looks of照…看来by the name of称作;叫做by the numbers按口令by the piece按件或个等计算by the same token同样地;同理by the sea在海边,在海滨by the seat of one's pants凭感觉,凭本能,凭经验by the side of在…旁边,在…附近by the skin of one's teeth仅;刚刚by the square精确地,确切地by the stern艉部吃水较深地,后倾地by the sweat of one's brow靠自己辛勤劳动by the sweat of one's face靠自己辛勤劳动by the way在路上,顺便问一下by the yard冗长地,没完没了地by thumb以免费搭车方式by trade职业是by trial and error反复试验,不断摸索by turns轮流by virtue of凭借by vocation职业是by water乘船,由水路by way of经由by weight按重量,根据重量by wholesale批发by wire用电报by word of mouth口头上by your leave请允许我;对不起not by any means决不not by any manner of means决不too…by half太…,过于…名词+~+名词bit by bit一点一点地day by day一天一天地;逐日drop by drop点点滴滴地,一点一滴地inch by inch慢慢的;逐步地;一点一点地side by side肩并肩地,一起;等同于stage by stage逐步地,循序渐进地step by step逐步stone by stone一点一滴地year by year年复一年副词+~hard by在…近旁~+副词by far…得多;最…;显然by much大大地,到极大程度by now到现在副词+~+副词little by little一点一滴地~+代词by itself自动地;孤单地by myself我独自地;我独立地by oneself单独;独自by ourselves我们独自地;我们独立地by yourself你单独地,独自地;你独立地,全靠你自己~+数词by ones and twos一次一两个,三三两两地by the hundred成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地by the hundreds成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地by the thousand成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地by the thousands成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地by twos and threes三三两两地数词+~+数词one by one一个一个地two by two两个两个地用作副词 adv.动词+~call by顺便访问come by进来drop by顺便访问get by通过;还可以,勉强可接受;设法勉强生存go by经过put…by存钱等以备未来之需roll by时间流逝scrape by勉强及格,勉强度过去stand by袖手旁观;准备行动;在场,在附近stop by顺便过访,串门tick by时间流逝;钟表滴滴答答响
用作介词prep.by accident

偶然地 without any intention or planning

by all means

一定,务必must

by analogy

用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases

by analogy with

根据…类推deducing (sth according to sth)

by any chance

或许; 可能 perhaps; possibly

by chance

偶然地,意外地 by accident; accidentally; unintentionally

by common consent

公认 generally acknowledge

by comparison

比较起来when compared

by contrast

参见contrast条。

by courtesy of

蒙…的好意,蒙…提供 by the permission or generosity of sb

by degrees

一点一点地,逐渐地 gradually

by far

…得多,更,尤其 by a great amount

by hand

用手;亲自 using one's hand; in person

by heart

凭记性 by memory

by itself

独自地; 无需外力地alone; without help

by leaps and bounds

非常迅速,突飞猛进very quickly and successfully

by means of

参见mean条。

by mistake

错误地 as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error

by no means

参见mean条。

by reason of

由于because of

by rights

要是公正的话,公正地 if justice were done; in justice

by the book

按规则,依照惯例according to the rules

by the by

顺便提一句by the way

by the same token

由于同样原因,同样地in the same way

by the way

顺便地,附带说说 used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation

by trial and error

反复试验,不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure

by turns

轮流地; 交替地 one after the other; in rotation

by virtue of

凭借,依靠,因为,由于by means of or because of sth

by way of

意在,为了 with the intention of or for the purpose ofBy way of introduction to my subject,I'd like to tell you how I first came to be interested in it.为了引入我的话题,我想告诉你我起初是怎样对这个问题感兴趣的。

用作副词adv.by and by

不久,马上 before long; soon

by and large

总的来说 on the whole;in general

近义词 atonfornearwithbesidethroughprep. after
用作介词prep.On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。
Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。
She should be back by now.她现在应该回来了。
If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。
They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
The money will be paid by cheque.此款将由支票支付。
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
They decided to raise the money by subscription.他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
By temperament he was an artist.从气质上看,他是一位画家。
They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
By God he's done it!老天为证,他确实做了此事。
I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。
The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。
The steamer will go west by north.这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。
I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。
He deals ill by his wife.他待妻子不好。
It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.以貌取人是不公正的。
Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.其补助将削减40%以上。
Most workmen are paid by the week.大多数工人按周付给薪水。
The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。
Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。
He was brought up by an aunt.他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。
We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。
Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?用作副词adv.She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
Come by for a drink after work.下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
She stole the book when no one was by.她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。Pbypasta.过去的Ptherebyad.因此Pherebyad.因此据此Pstander-byn.旁观者Pbymotiven.暗中的打算Ppasserbyn.过路人行人Pswingbyn.借力式飞行路线Ppassersby过路人经过者路过者Pnearbya.附近的近旁的ad.在附近近旁地prep.在…附近Pstandbyn.可依靠的人被喜爱的食品备用品准备发报准备收报

prep.介词

by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。

by表示方式除作“抓住…”解时或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。

by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。

by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。

by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。

by表示动作者的时候,常用于被动结构。

by用于被动结构时,既可以引出施动者,也可用来表示做某事的手段。


介词99%,名词1%
用作介词The housebythe lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。
He enteredbythe back door.他从后门进入。
The project was viewed favorablybythe committee.那计划受到该委员会的好评。
He let himself down slowlybymeans of a rope.他用一条绳子滑下来。用作副词He hurriedbyand disappeared in the wood.他匆匆走过去,消失在森林里。
I always keep a bottle of winebyin case friends call round.我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。
He lives nearby.他住在附近。adv.near
同义词 aside,away,throughpastat hand,beyond,close,handy,in reach,over,to one sideprep.next to
同义词 alongpastalongside,beside,by way of,close to,near,nearby,nigh,over,roundprep.by means of
同义词 throughat the hand of,in the name of,on,over,supported by,through the agency of,through the medium of,under the aegis of,via,with,with the assistance of
alongadverb near
adjacent,at
alongsidepreposition close, near side of
along the side of,apace with,at the side of,beside,by,by the side of,close at hand,close-by,equal with,in company with,next to,parallel to,side by side
atpreposition about;in the direction of
appearing in,by,found in,in the vicinity of,near to,on,placed at,situated at,through,toward
besideadverb next to
a step from,abreast of,adjacent to,adjoining,alongside,aside,at one's elbow,at the edge of,at the side of,bordering on,by,cheek by jowl,close at hand,close to,close upon,connected with,contiguous to,fornent,in juxtaposition,near,nearby,neck and neck,neighboring,next door to,nigh,opposite,overlooking,round,side by side,verging on,with
besidepreposition next to
adjoining,alongside,aside,at one's elbow,at the side of,by,cheek by jowl,close at hand,close to,connected with,contiguous to,fornent,in juxtaposition,near,nearby,neck and neck,neighboring,next door to,nigh,opposite,overlooking,round,side by side,verging on,with
overadjective accomplished
ancient history,at an end,by,bygone,closed,completed,concluded,done,done with,ended,finished,gone,past,settled,up
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