v.动词
vt. & vi. 抓; 搔make lines on or in a surface with sth pointed or sharp e.g. fingernails, claws
vt. & vi. 刮伤get oneself, a part of the body clutched by accident
vt. & vi. 勾掉draw a line or lines through a word or words, a name, etc.
vt. 退出比赛withdraw a horse, a candidate, oneself from a competition; take out the name of a horse, a candidate from a list of entries for a race or competition
n.名词
S 抓; 搔痒an act of scratching a part of the body
C 抓痕,抓伤a mark or small wound made by scratching
C 刮擦声a sound made by scratching
Noun:
an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn offa depression scratched or carved into a surfaceinformal terms for moneya competitor who has withdrawn from competitiona line indicating the location of the start of a race or a gamedry mash for poultrya harsh noise made by scraping;the scrape of violin bows distracted her
poor handwritinggolf a handicap of zero strokes;a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course
an indication of damage
Verb:
cause friction;my sweater scratches
cut the surface of; wear away the surface ofscrape or rub as if to relieve itching;Don't scratch your insect bites!
postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled;Call off the engagement
cancel the dinner party
we had to scrub our vacation plans
scratch that meeting--the chair is ill
remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line;Please strike this remark from the record
scratch that remark
gather money or other resources together over time;She had scraped together enough money for college
they scratched a meager living
carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface;engrave a pen
engraved the trophy cupt with the winner's
the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree
用作动词 v.
～+名词scratch one's ear搔耳朵scratch one's head搔头scratch a hole扒坑scratch one's legs刺伤双腿scratch the table划坏桌子～+副词scratch eagerly热心地勾掉scratch inadvertently非故意地刮伤scratch industriously勤奋地抓scratch obviously明显地刮伤scratch ruthlessly无情地勾掉scratch sorely使人伤心地退出比赛scratch unexpectedly意外地刮伤scratch the plants away把植物扒掉scratch out a name from a list从名单上划去一个名字scratch together拼凑scratch up a bone扒出一根骨头～+介词scratch at抓scratch at the door在门上乱抓scratch for oneself竭力独自谋生scratch on在…上刻画scratch hand on a nail手被钉子划伤scratch name on the wall在墙上刻下名字用作名词 n.形容词+～nasty scratch难看的划痕slight scratch轻微的擦伤
用作动词v.
scratch about v.+adv.
扒,刨 strip off or dig in light movements
scratch aboutThe farmyard was quiet, with just a few chickens scratching about.这农家庭院静悄悄的,只有几只鸡在四处扒食。
scratch away v.+adv.
抓; 刮 strip off or dig
scratch awayIf you keep scratching away at that spot, you'll break the skin.你要是不停地抓那个小包会抓破皮的。scratch sth ⇔ awayMost of the paint has been scratched away by heavy wear.由于磨损严重,大部分油漆已剥落。
scratch from v.+prep.
从…中除名 remove sb's name from sth
scratch sb from sthWe had to scratch two players from the team because of damaged knee joints.有两名选手膝关节受伤,我们只好不让他们参加比赛了。
Jim should have an easy victory, as two of the best runners have been scratched from the race.吉姆应该很容易地轻易取胜,因为两名优秀赛跑运动员已经从比赛中除名了。
scratch out v.+adv.
勉强维持 make or get with difficultyIt wasn't easy scratching out a living in those hard times.在那段艰难的日子里,糊口真不容易。
scratch up v.+adv.
掘起,挖出 dig sth outThat cat has scratched up all my young plants again!那只猫又把我种的那些幼苗给扒出来了!
用作名词n.from scratch〈非正〉从头做起,从零开始starting from the beginning or with nothing
up to scratch〈非正〉情况良好,达到标准in(to good condition or at)〔to〕 an acceptable standard
近义词 cut切rub擦itch痒grate栅prick刺mark记号nick刻痕scar疤痕dinero钱fray恼火dent凹痕slit裂缝pelf钱财graze放牧score得分scuff磨损chafe擦痛grave坟墓start开始shekels钱bread面包scrape刮掉cancel取消abrade擦伤scrawl乱涂sketch速写strike罢工loot掠夺品engrave雕刻writing写作expunge擦掉lettuce莴苣dough生面团abrasion擦伤pull out拔出tick滴答作响lolly棒棒糖…scraping擦去boodle贿赂金excise货物税incision切口inscribe题写call off取消fret使烦恼scrape up凑集cabbage卷心菜simoleons美元scrub用力擦洗sugar糖，食糖wampum贝壳念珠gelt阉割删去scratch up拼凑excoriation剥皮kale植羽衣甘蓝…come up上升，升起scribble潦草地书写cacography拼写错误scratch line起跑线starting line起跑线moolahmoola的异体字…chicken feed俚语小钱lucre钱财尤指不义之财…clams动词clam的第三人称单…scratching刮东西时发出的刺耳声…
用作动词v.
用作不及物动词
S+～+AThe dog is always scratching.那条狗老是搔痒。
The pen scratches badly.这支钢笔钩纸钩得利害。
用作及物动词
S+～+ n./pron.He has a curious habit of scratching his ear while he speaks.他有一种奇怪的习惯,一讲话就搔耳朵。
Please leave off scratching your head.请不要搔头了。
Scratch yourself if you itch.如果你觉得痒,搔好了。
The cat scratched my hand.猫把我的手给搔了。
The cat has scratched a hole in the flowerbed.猫在花坛上扒了一个坑。
The brambles scratched my legs.荆棘刺伤了我的双腿。
The knife has scratched the table.小刀划坏了桌子。
I hope you are not going to scratch me.我希望你不会把我的名字从比赛中划去。
The horse was scratched.那匹马退出比赛了。用作名词n.His dog just gives a scratch at the door when it wants to come in.他的狗想进来时就用爪子抓门。
Her face was covered with scratches.她脸上有很多划痕。
I heard the scratches on the old records.我听到旧唱片的沙沙声。用作动词The dog isscratchingat the door.狗正在抓门。
Hescratchedout my name on that list.他把我的名字从那个名单上删除。用作名词There's a scratch on the side of my car.我的汽车侧面有一道划痕。
You can clean the scratch with alcohol.你可以用酒精把擦痕去掉。