释义 |
scoff·law 英ˈskɒfˌlɔː, ˈskɔːf-美ˈskɑfˌlɔ, ˈskɔf-AHDskŏfʹlô', skôfʹ- ○○○○○高GCOCA⁶³²⁴²iWeb⁴⁸⁷⁵⁰Economist⁴¹³⁰³⁺² 基本英英词源记法近义反义Thesaurus例句 n.藐视法规者¹⁰⁰复数scofflaws Noun: one who habitually ignores the law and does not answer court summonses这是个历史不长的美国口语,一般辞书将它释义为“藐视法律者尤指拒付罚款者或违反变通规则、禁酒法者”。从构词法来讲,scofflaw是scoff+law,即动词加名词构成的一个复合名词。从词源上来看,我们得到顾一段历史。 1917年,美国国会决定使美国成为一个禁酒国 dry country。为了将禁酒作为法律规定下来,必须相应地修改宪法。于是,国会最后通过了所谓《第十八号修正案》。这项修正案经全国四分之三的州通过,于三年后生效,开始实施。从此,酒在全国范围内遭到严禁。 与此同时,反对者的暗中反抗也开始了。嗜酒者认为,禁酒法触犯了他们的公民权。既然公开饮酒违犯禁令,那只好暗地里喝。既然酒在市场已全然绝迹,何不自己酿造?走私贩也趁此机会从外国运进这种违禁品,在秘密俱乐部出售。这种秘密俱乐部大多防范极严,不认识守门的,不通过门上小窗口轻声说句诸如“乔派我来的。”Joe sent me.之类的暗语,是进不去的。自禁酒法实行以后,此类名为“俱乐部”的非法酒店 speakeasy在美国各地犹如雨后春笋般地出现。日子一久,人们就不再把禁酒法放在眼里了。 政府官员担心无视一项法令将导致对一切法令的藐视,因而发起了一场维护禁酒法的运动。 马萨诸塞州一位富翁也是一位戒酒者,愿出赏金200元征求一个形容藐视法律者的最佳词。他一共收到应征的词25000个。获奖的词就是scofflaw。scofflaw就这样地进入英语词汇行列。 然而,这场运动和这个新词对维护禁酒法全然无济于事。美国国会终于在1933年被迫废除《第十八号修正案》,酒在美国又恢复了它的合法地位,scofflaw也随之被人们渐渐遗忘了。 直至近几年,scofflaw在美国报刊上才再度出现。纽约市一位名叫John Murtagh的交通法庭法官traffic court judge用scofflaw 一词来形容那些把车子停放在“禁止停车处”而又拒绝按传票交罚金的人,从而把这一几乎被遗弃的词又带回到美国人日常生活之中。scofflaw的词义没有发生什么变化,当年用来指违反禁酒法者,而今天亦可用以指违反交通规则者及其他各种违犯法令者。scoff-law⇒n.藐视法规者近义词 criminal罪犯 as in.criminal 同义词 convict,crook,culprit,felon,fugitive,gangster,hoodlum,hooligan,lawbreaker,mobster,offender,thugbad guy,bad person,baddie,baddy,blackmailer,con,delinquent,desperado,deuce,evildoer,guerilla,heavy,hood,hustler,jailbird,malefactor,mug,muscle,outlaw,racketeer,repeater,sinner,transgressor,trespasser,wrongdoer,yardbirdbad actor,black marketeer,ex-con,inside person,slippery eel 反义词 policelawas in.lawbreaker 同义词 blackmailer,crook,culprit,delinquent,felon,fugitive,gangster,hoodlum,hooligan,mobster,offender,racketeercon,convict,hood,jailbird,malefactor,outlawblack marketeer 反义词 policeas in.public enemy 同义词 criminal,felon,gangster,lawbreaker,malevolent,outlaw,perpetrator,public enemy number one,racketeer,universal foe,villain criminalnoun person who breaks the law bad actor,bad guy,bad person,baddie,baddy,black marketeer,blackmailer,con,convict,crook,culprit,delinquent,desperado,deuce,evildoer,ex-con,felon,fugitive,gangster,guerilla,heavy,hood,hoodlum,hooligan,hustler,inside person,jailbird,lawbreaker,malefactor,mobster,mug,muscle,offender,outlaw,racketeer,repeater,sinner,slippery eel,thug,transgressor,trespasser,wrongdoer,yardbird lawbreakernoun criminal black marketeer,blackmailer,con,convict,crook,culprit,delinquent,felon,fugitive,gangster,hood,hoodlum,hooligan,jailbird,malefactor,mobster,offender,outlaw,racketeer,scofflaw lawbreakersnoun criminal black marketeers,blackmailers,cons,convicts,crooks,culprits,delinquents,felons,fugitives,gangsters,hoodlums,hoods,hooligans,jailbirds,malefactors,mobsters,offenders,outlaws,racketeers,scofflaws public enemynoun common enemy criminal,felon,gangster,lawbreaker,malevolent,outlaw,perpetrator,public enemy number one,racketeer,scofflaw,universal foe,villain Indeed, there are moments today- amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy- when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. 今天,随处乱扔垃圾、逃税、违禁噪音,以及开汽车的无政府状态,真是比比皆是:有时简直使人觉得:玩忽法令者代表着未来的潮流了。 bab Ironically, today's scofflaw spirit, whatever its undetermined origins, is being encouraged unwittingly by government at many levels. 具有讽刺意味的是,今天的藐视法令行为,不管起因如何,却都能受到各级政府的极不明智的纵容。 ebigear |