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rough 英rʌf美rʌfAHDrŭf ★★★☆☆研ＩＴ牛高４四八COCA³³⁷²BNC²⁵³⁶iWeb³¹⁹⁵Economist³⁸⁷¹
基本双解英英易错辨析词源搭配短语记法近义反义句型派生词用法例句Thesaurus例句
adj.粗糙的³⁸;粗略的，大概的;粗暴的⁸;艰难的⁸;讨厌的;不适的;汹涌的¹⁹adv.粗糙地⁵;粗暴地⁷n.粗制品²;暴徒²;高低不平的路面vt.使粗糙⁴;殴打²;草拟⁵副词roughly最高级roughest名词rougher过去分词roughed现在分词roughing三单roughs
品质商品退换程度粗俗粗野
adj.形容词
粗糙的having an uneven surface; not smooth 粗野的,粗暴的showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, orconsideration etc. 混乱的,暴乱的,喧闹的not gentle or tuneful 艰难的,不愉快的unfortunate and unfair; unwell 粗略的,大致的done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate 未加工的,粗制的not delicate or comfortable; simple 狂暴的,汹涌的stormy and violent; not calm
adv.副词
简陋地in uncomfortable condition 粗暴地using force 大致地not in a gentle way
v.动词
vt. 使粗糙make untidy or uneven vt. 过简陋的生活live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life
Noun:
the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
Adjective:
having or caused by an irregular surface;trees with rough bark rough ground rough skin rough blankets his unsmooth face of persons or behavior lacking refinement or finesse;she was a diamond in the rough rough manners not quite exact or correct;the approximate time was 10 o'clock a rough guess a ballpark estimate full of hardship or trials;the rocky road to success they were having a rough time violently agitated and turbulent;boisterous winds and waves the fierce thunders roar me their music rough weather rough seas unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound;a gravelly voice ready and able to resort to force or violence;pugnacious spirits…lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance they were rough and determined fighting men of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scallopedcausing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements;a rough ride not shaped by cutting or trimming;an uncut diamond rough gemstones not carefully or expertly made;managed to make a crude splint a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them rough carpentry not perfected;a rough draft a few rough sketches unpleasantly stern;wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus the nomad life is rough and hazardous unkind or cruel or uncivil;had harsh words a harsh and unlovable old tyrant a rough answer
Adverb:
with roughness or violence `rough' is an informal variant for `roughly';he was pushed roughly aside they treated him rough with rough motion as over a rough surface;ride rough
Verb:
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
adj.形容词
他们用那种粗暴无礼的态度顶撞我,我可受不了。❌ I won't have them answer me back in that rough manner. ✔️ I won't have them answer me back in that rude manner. 裁判员警告运动员们不要粗鲁。❌ The referee warned the players not to be so rude. ✔️ The referee warned the players not to be so rough. 析 rough强调粗鲁的言行不够文雅; 而rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。
adj.形容词
rough, coarse, harsh, rude这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于： 1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如: Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。
Don't be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。
His manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如: It's rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。
He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。
All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。3.coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如: He is coarse in manner.他举止粗鲁。
It's a coarse joke.这是个粗俗的玩笑。
She used to be coarse of speech.她过去说话很粗鲁。4.harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如: The colour is very harsh.那颜色很刺眼。
The cloth is harsh to the touch.这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
The noise is harsh to the ear.那噪声很刺耳。
The surface of the table is very harsh.那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。rough，coarse，harsh，rude，crude这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。 rough普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，态度粗暴，计算)粗略。 coarse指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指言谈粗俗。 harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。 rude指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。 crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。 来自古英语 ruh,粗糙的，粗布的，多毛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*rukhaz,碎裂的，来自 PIE*reue, 粉碎，碎开，敲击，词源同 ruin,rag.引申诸相关词义。
用作形容词 adj.
～+名词rough road崎岖的道路rough sea狂暴的大海rough time辛酸时期rough weather恶劣的天气～+介词rough on对…粗暴的用作动词 v.～+名词rough one's hair弄乱头发～+副词rough curiously好奇地过简陋的生活rough dreadfully非比寻常地过简陋的生活rough extremely极端地过简陋的生活rough pleasantly愉快地过简陋的生活rough stiffly极度地过简陋的生活rough uncomfortably不自在地过简陋的生活rough uncommonly不平凡地过简陋的生活rough in画…的轮廓rough out作出,写出
用作形容词adj.give the rough side of one's tongue对某人说出不客气的话 show a lack of gentleness, good manners to sb give sb the rough side of one's tongueI had to give him the rough side of my tongue to show my indignation.我不得不狠狠地骂他一顿来出这口气。用作副词adv.play rough粗暴地做 do sth in the way that is not in a gentle way; do sth in the way that used force 用作动词v.
rough in v.+adv.
画…的轮廓 put in a few practice lines in a drawing rough sth ⇔ inI'll just rough in the shape of the head and you can paint the sky round it.我先把头像的轮廓画出来,你再给周围的天空涂色。
rough out v.+adv.
作出,写出 make a first plan of a drawing or piece of writing rough sth ⇔ outI'll just rough out the whole picture and you can do the details.这幅画让我先大致画出整个布局,你再加上细节。故事记忆此人确实很 Tough厉害整容后摸脸 Rough粗糙的高兴得仰天 Laugh笑等笑到了 Enough足够的弯腰又假装 Cough咳嗽非常记忆rou肉+gh规划⇒吃过肉后他粗略地规划了一下近义词 upsetunevenviolentrigorousirregular
adj.coarseunsmoothv. calm反义词 refinedadj. smooth
用作形容词adj.≪用作定语
～+ n.The cat had a rough tongue.猫的舌头表面很粗糙。
They knocked together a rough box with wooden boards.他们用木板草草地做成了一个粗糙的箱子。
He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.他拿了钉子和木头,做了一个粗糙的食品橱。
In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.黑夜里我们的吉普车在崎岖的山路上颠簸。
The Poet's rough life contrasts with his sensitive poetry.这个诗人的豪放生活与他缠绵悱恻的诗篇形成鲜明的对照。
We had rather a rough time.我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。
It is a rough idea.那仅仅是个初步的想法。
It's just a rough drawing.这只是一张草图。
It was a rough but plentiful dinner with a rough country wine.这尽管是一顿粗茶淡饭,但很丰盛,而且还辅以乡间酿制的土酒。
It's just a very rough translation.这只是一个非常粗糙的译稿。
If you give me the rough draft of your article I'll lick it into shape for you.如果你愿把文章的草稿给我,我会为你把它修改得像样一些的。
He files away the rough edges.他把粗毛边锉去。
He wears a rough linen shirt and white short pants.他穿着粗亚麻布衬衣和白色短裤。
As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.这块宝石未经琢磨,他不知道加工后有多大。
The ship-wrecked sailors were able to fit a rough shelter together from building materials that they found on the island.这些落难的水手在岛上找到一些建筑材料搭了一个简陋的房子。
Would it be wise to launch into this rough sea?到这样汹涌的大海中游泳明智吗?
The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea.船被巨浪颠簸得很厉害。
用作表语
S+be+～This paper feels rough.这纸摸起来是粗糙的。
I think Jones has tended to get just a little rough.我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。
His reply was a bit rough.他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。
Should the weather be rough, we won't be able to go riding.万一是狂风暴雨的天气,我们就不能去骑马。
The water was rough and, despite our low speed, we were drenched by spray.水上风浪很大,尽管我们的航速不快,飞溅的浪花仍湿透了我们的全身。
The trip was rough.这次旅行很艰苦。
Things are rough all over.情况非常困难。S+be+～+ prep .-phraseShe is rough in speech.她说话粗鲁。
He is rough in manner.他的举止不文雅。
It's rather rough on him, having to work when other people are on holiday.其他人度假时他得工作,他真倒霉。
You've been pretty rough on the children.你对孩子的态度太粗暴了。
Don't be so rough with the child.对小孩不要这样粗暴。
Her hands are rough with hard work.她的手因干粗活而变得很粗糙。S+be+～+to- vThis paper is too rough to write on.这种纸太粗糙,不能写字。用作副词adv.
用作状语
I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.在农村我的生活可随便一些。
Don't treat him rough.不要待他这样无礼。
That fellow will cut up rough.那个家伙要撒野。
The wanderer has to sleep rough.这个流浪汉到处为家。
He estimated rough that his rate of profit would be ten percent at the outside.他大致地估计一下,他的利润最多不过10%。
The coach chews out rough lazy players who slept for the whole morning.教练狠狠地指责了那些睡了一个上午的懒队员。用作动词v.
用作及物动词
S+～+ n./pron.Don't rough my hair.别弄乱我的头发。
The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.那些探险家进入丛林后,不得不过着艰苦的生活。
Living in a tent is not for me,I don't like roughing it.住在帐篷里不合适,我不喜欢过艰苦的生活。
Satin is very easilyroughed.缎子很容易起毛。Proughenv.变粗糙Proughing初步加工Proughagen.粗饲料粗粮Prough-upn.试赛大打出手Proughdryvt.晾干而不烫平Proughhewvt.粗凿粗制起草Prough-leggeda.腿上有毛的Prough-spokena.说话粗鲁的roughP-wroughta.粗制的Prough-footeda.脚上有羽毛的Proughlyad.概略地粗糙地粗暴地Proughridern.驯马师非正式骑兵Proughhewna.粗削的粗制的粗野的Proughshoda.马蹄上装有防滑钉的Proughneckn.粗暴的人横蛮的人无赖Proughisha.略粗糙的略粗暴的稍有风浪的Proughnessn.粗糙凹凸不平粗糙度篷乱毛发Prough-and-readya.潦草的草草制成的粗犷的Proughhousen.大吵大闹骚乱大打出手vt.粗暴对待Proughcastvt.涂粗灰泥于拟订…大纲n.粗灰泥毛坯a.涂粗灰泥的草拟的
adj.形容词
rough指表面看起来或摸上去不平整的东西,用于产品时则表示未经打磨的,还可引申为“言行粗野的”“质量粗劣的”“作品未经润色的”“处境艰难的”等意思。 rough可用very修饰。
adv.副词
rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。 rough在句中主要用作状语。
v.动词
rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。引申可表示“过简陋的生活”。 rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。 rough与roughen的比较：两者分别都可作及物动词与不及物动词。在表示“变得粗暴”时，一般习惯上多用roughen来表示，不用rough。或者是可以用短语rough up来表示。表示“粗暴地对待”时，一般多用rough，且多与副词in/off/out连用，如rough a horse（殴打马。名词rough表示“杂草丛生的地区”，take things in the rough与rough it有相同的意思，表示“艰难地生活”。
形容词60%,动词38%,名词2%
用作形容词Theroughroad made the car vibrate.崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。
You'd better give us aroughidea of your price.您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。
It is only aroughguide to ideal weight.这只是一个实现理想体重的粗略的办法。
They complainedroughhandling by the police.他们抱怨受到警察粗野的对待。
I feel a bitrough--I'm going to bed.我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。用作副词He is now able to playroughand tumble with the other kids.现在他可以粗暴地摔倒其他孩子了。用作名词I think that new singer is a diamond in therough.我觉得那个新歌手是块未经雕琢的玉。
Write it inroughand then copy it.先起草再誊写。
We only saw the new painting in therough.我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子。用作及物动词Micro-exfoliators help slough awayrough, dull, uneven skin for a more radiant complexion.细腻的磨砂颗粒帮助去除被溶解的角质，使粗糙晦暗不均匀的皮肤重现柔嫩和光泽。
The gang decided toroughhim up,as a warning to others.暴徒们决定揍他一顿，作为对别人的警告。adj.uneven, irregular
同义词 bumpy,choppy,coarse,fuzzy,harsh,rocky,ruggedbearded,broken,chapped,disheveled,jagged,nappy,ridged,ruffled,sharp,tangled,tousled,wrinkledasperous,brambly,bristly,bushy,cragged,craggy,cross-grained,hairy,knobby,knotty,nodular,not smooth,scabrous,scraggy,shaggy,stony,tufted,unequal,unfinished,unlevel,unshaven,unshorn,woolly,wrinkly
反义词 calm,courteous,easy,flat,gentle,mild,nice,polite,refined,smooth,soft,sophisticated,neat,ordered,unwrinkledaccurate,complete,definite,even,level,moderate,polished,precise,regular,temperateadj.stormy;not quiet
同义词 choppy,coarse,dry,harsh,rugged,turbulentagitated,blustering,buffeting,grating,husky,jarring,raging,rasping,wildblustery,boisterous,cacophonous,discordant,furious,gruff,hoarse,inclement,inharmonious,raucous,squally,stridulent,tempestuous,tumultous/tumultuous,unmusical
反义词 calm,courteous,easy,gentle,mild,moderate,nice,polite,refined,smooth,soft,sophisticatedaccurate,complete,definite,even,level,polished,precise,regular,temperateadj.rude, impolite
同义词 coarse,cruel,hard,harsh,nasty,raw,tough,unpleasant,unpolished,violentbluff,blunt,brief,crude,extreme,gross,mean,rowdy,sharp,shortbearish,boisterous,boorish,brusque,churlish,crass,crusty,curt,discourteous,drastic,hairy,ill-mannered,improper,inconsiderate,indecorous,indelicate,inelegant,loud,loutish,severe,unceremonious,uncivil,uncouth,uncultivated,uncultured,unfeeling,ungracious,unjust,unmannerly,unrefined,untutored,vulgar
反义词 agreeable,clean,delicate,easy,facile,gentle,good,great,kind,merciful,mild,moral,nice,peaceful,pleasant,pleasing,polite,refined,smooth,soft,sophisticated,sympathetic,wonderful,calm,lengthy,long,moderateaccurate,complete,courteous,definite,even,level,polished,precise,regular,temperateadj.basic, incomplete
同义词 hard,raw,sketchy,unpolishedcrude,imperfect,spartan,uncut,undressedaustere,cursory,formless,rough-and-ready,roughhewn,rudimentary,shapeless,uncompleted,unfashioned,unfinished,unformed,unhewn,unprocessed,unrefined,unwrought
反义词 pleasant,sophisticatedaccurate,calm,complete,courteous,definite,even,level,mild,moderate,nice,polished,polite,precise,refined,regular,smooth,temperateadj.approximate
同义词 foggy,hazy,sketchy,uncertainestimated,generalamorphous,imprecise,inexact,proximate,rude,unprecise,vague
反义词 certain,clear,definite,sureaccurate,calm,complete,courteous,even,level,mild,moderate,nice,polished,polite,precise,refined,regular,smooth,sophisticated,temperate
Philistineadjective coarse
barbarian,barbaric,base,bawdy,blue,boorish,brutish,cheap,churlish,common,crass,crude,dirty,earthy,filthy,foul,foul-mouthed,gross,gruff,ill-bred,immodest,impolite,improper,impure,incult,indelicate,inelegant,loutish,low,lowbred,mean,nasty,obscene,off-color,offensive,raffish,raunchy,raw,ribald,roughneck,rude,scatological,smutty,tacky,tasteless,uncivil,uncivilized,uncouth,uncultivated,uncultured,unpolished,unrefined,vulgar,vulgarian
abrasiveadjective causing wearing down by rubbing
abrading,coarse,erosive,grinding,gritty,polishing,rough,scratching,scuffing,sharpening,smoothing
abruptadjective rude or brief in manner
blunt,brusque,crude,crusty,curt,direct,discourteous,gruff,impetuous,impolite,matter-of-fact,rough,short,snappy,snippy,uncivil,ungracious
approximateadjective inexact
estimated,guessed,imperfect,imprecise,loose,rough,surmised,uncertain,unprecise,unscientific
arduousadjective difficult, hard to endure
backbreaking,burdensome,exhausting,fatiguing,formidable,grueling,harsh,heavy,labored,laborious,murder,no picnic,onerous,painful,punishing,rigorous,rough,severe,strenuous,taxing,tiring,toilsome,tough,troublesome,trying,uphill
badadjective poor quality
abominable,amiss,atrocious,awful,bad news,beastly,blah,bummer,careless,cheap,cheesy,crappy,cruddy,crummy,defective,deficient,diddly,dissatisfactory,downer,dreadful,erroneous,fallacious,faulty,garbage,godawful,grody,gross,grungy,icky,imperfect,inadequate,incorrect,inferior,junky,lousy,not good,off,poor,raunchy,rough,sad,slipshod,stinking,substandard,synthetic,the pits,unacceptable,unsatisfactory By the end of the phase you should have an operational system, though some rough edges may remain to smooth out.
尽管有些粗糙的边缘需要平整化，但是在此阶段结束前您应该拥有一个可以运行操作的系统。 ibm
I’m not rough and tough enough to feel comfortable with the boys, and yet my gender excludes me from hanging with my friends, the girls.
我不够粗野和强壮，和男孩子在一起感到很不舒服，但是我的性别又将我从我的朋友，女孩们中间排除出来。 yeeyan |