penalty cost短语¹⁴⁴⁹⁷²⁺² 基本例句 亏损 Secondly, a mathematical model was conducted aiming at minimizing the sum of transportation cost, damage cost, energy cost and penalty cost considering time windows. 其次从生鲜产品配送商的角度使上述各项成本的总和最小为目标，构建生鲜产品配送车辆路径优化的基本模型。 fabiao