waste，garbage，rubbish，litter，debris，junk这些名词均含“废物，垃圾”之意。
waste普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
garbage主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
rubbish普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
debris着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
junk指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。
14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的litiere，意为废弃物。
用作名词 n.
动词+～clean〔pick〕 up litter清除〔收拾〕杂物drop〔leave〕 litter乱扔杂物形容词+～a terrible litter乱七八糟的一大堆介词+～in a litter一片杂乱～+介词a litter of magazines乱七八糟的一堆杂志a litter of puppies一窝小狗用作动词 v.～+名词litter books〔newspaper〕扔书〔报纸〕
用作动词v.
litter up v.+adv.
把某处搞得乱糟糟make (a place untidy)
litter sth ⇔ upWhy do you always litter up the table with all these newspapers?你为什么总是将报纸乱丢,把桌子弄得乱糟糟呢?
litter with v.+prep.
使杂乱,使凌乱 make untidy with odds and ends
litter sth with sthHe littered the yard with bottles and cans.他扔得满地都是瓶子和罐头。
His desk was littered with papers.他的办公桌上杂乱地堆放着文件。近义词 junk垃圾muss搞乱trash废物waste废物brood一窝spoil宠坏strew散播scrap碎片couch长椅jumble掺杂family家庭rubble瓦砾debris碎片refuse拒绝rubbish垃圾young年轻的scatter散播clutter弄乱garbage垃圾disorder混乱confusion惶惑dislocate使脱臼remainder剩余物bedding寝具人或动物…bedding material垫底材料
用作名词n.The streets were full of litter.街道上满是垃圾。
Litter covered the cinema floor after the film.电影结束后,电影院的地上丢满了垃圾。
Her room was in such a litter that she was ashamed to ask me in.她的房间十分凌乱,所以不好意思请我进去。
Our cat had a litter of four.我们家的猫一胎生了四只小猫。
The litter of puppies are is playing in the ground.这窝小狗正在地上嬉闹。用作动词v.
用作不及物动词
S+～+ADon't litter.勿乱丢杂物。
用作及物动词
S+～+ n./pron.Papers littered his desk.他的书桌上乱七八糟地堆满了文稿。
n.名词
litter作“一窝”解时是可数集合名词,当其作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。
The desk was covered with a litter of documents.书桌上满满地放着一堆杂乱的文件。
His litter strewn room really needed to be cleaned.他杂乱的房间该好好收拾一下了。
I was carried in a litter during the final stage of our journey.旅行的最后一段路我是坐着轿子完成的。