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词汇 instruct
释义 in·struct 英ɪnˈstrʌkt美ɪnˈstrʌktAHDĭn-strŭktʹ ★★☆☆☆高四六研IST46八COCA⁵⁸⁴⁷BNC¹⁵²²⁵iWeb⁵⁰²⁶Economist²⁶⁷⁷⁸⁺
基本双解英英辨析词源搭配短语记法近义反义句型派生词用法例句Thesaurus例句
v.³⁷;命令;指导⁵⁴;计指示过去分词instructed现在分词instructing三单instructs
命令教育行为

v.动词
vt. 命令,指示

give orders or directions to

vt. 教,指导

give knowledge or information to

vt. 通知

inform


Verb:
impart skills or knowledge to;

I taught them French

He instructed me in building a boat

give instructions or directions for some task;

She instructed the students to work on their pronunciation

make aware of;

Have the students been apprised of the tuition hike?


v.动词
instruct, charge, command, direct, enjoin

这组词都有“发出命令”的意思。其区别是:

command表示“命令,指挥”,强调强制性; enjoin表示“命令,迫使”,强调权威性,含有督促或警告的意味; direct表示“命令,指示”,强调指示和对指示的遵从; instruct表示“命令,指令”,常可和direct相互换用,但instruct更为正式,多用于商业、官方、外交关系中; charge表示“命令,指示”,为文学用语,侧重布置任务或委以重托。

instruct, coach, educate, school, teach, train, tutor

这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别:

1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct, educate, train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”; educate强调的是“总体性”; train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下:

①instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:

Dr. Williams instructs classes in algebra.威廉博士教代数课。

②educate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如:世界观、性格、品质等。例如:

The poor boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.这可怜的孩子只有在工作完以后的晚上自学。
Some schools teach, but fail to educate their students.有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。
We are educated under the Party.我们受党的教育。

③train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上, train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:

They were trained as animal doctors in this school.他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。
He is specially trained for this kind of work.为了胜任这种工作,他曾受过特殊训练。
The old farmer trained his horse to do farm work for him.老农夫训练他的马为他干农活。
Mother tried to train the vines over the porch.母亲想引导葡萄藤爬到门廊上面。

④school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:

She was schooled in foreign languages.她在外语方面受到过严格训练。
His father was schooled in Harvard.他的父亲是在哈佛大学受教育的。
The parents schooled their children in politeness.家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。
He was schooled by life itself.生活本身锻炼了他。

2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同, teach接sb sth; 而instruct接sb in sth。试比较下面两个句子:

Mr. Smith taught us English.

Mr. Smith instructed us in English.史密斯先生教我们英语。

另外,两词接to- v 时意思也不同:teach sb to- v 的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instruct sb to- v 的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:

He taught us to run the machine.他教我们开机器。
We are instructed when to start.已有人通知我们何时出发。

3.tutor和coach的含义与上述五个词不同,强调的是“个别性”,向一位专门教师学习,或在某小组中学习,即进行个别辅导。其区别是:

coach只指补习或辅导,不指教新课,而tutor既可指复习功课,也可指讲授新课。例如:

I'll coach some of the students this evening.今晚我要辅导几个学生。
He is coaching a basketball team.他正在指导一个篮球队。
The teacher tutors him to play the piano.这位教师教他弹钢琴。
I offered to tutor him in English.我建议替他补习英文。teach,instruct,educate,coach,train,tutor

这些动词均含“教,教育,培养”之意。

teach最普通用词,含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等,侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。

instruct与teach含义很接近,但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识,侧重教授与指示。

educate较正式用词,指教育,内容比teach广泛,侧重动机或结果,或对潜在能力的开发。

coach指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。

train指训练与培养。

tutor指进行个别教学或课外辅导。

in-,进入,使,-struct,建造,建设,词源同structure,destruct.引申词义教导,训练,指示,吩咐等。词义演变比较inform.
用作动词 v.
~+名词instruct soldier命令士兵instruct students指导学生~+副词instruct diligently辛勤指导instruct formally正式通知instruct tediously令人厌烦地讲授~+介词instruct sb about sth就某事给某人以指导; instruct in向…讲授…
用作动词v.
instruct in v.+prep.

向…讲授…give sb formal knowledge of (a subject)

instruct sb in sth/v-ingDr. Williams instructs us in botany.威廉博士教我们植物学。
The college will need an additional teacher to instruct the boys in cooking.这所技术学校需要增加一名教员来向学生传授烹调技术。
The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。方振宇词汇奥秘in向内,进入+struct建筑→向建筑上进深一步→命令,指示
衍生词instruct+ive…的→指示的东西一般都是有益的→instructiveadj.有益的,供给知识的,教育的instruct+ion名词后缀→instructionn.命令,指示instruct+or…者→instructorn.指导者,教师instruct+-ment表结果名词后缀→instrumentn.器具,仪器,器械instruct+-ment表结果-al…的…的→instrumentaladj.为器乐谱写的
钱博士in进入,在此引申为靠近直到触及+struct构造→过去构造某人的知识→教育,传授⇒指导,指示;通知
词根stru-构造,码放来自拉丁语,过去分词形式为struct-。它和拉丁词根stern-/strat-伸展,铺开,层同源,最终都原始印欧语词根*stere-伸展。
in进入,在此引申为靠近直到触及+struct构造→过去构造某人的知识→教育,传授⇒指导,指示;通知。非常记忆in里面〖熟词〗+stru死抓〖谐音〗+ct〖传统〗⇒指导里面的人要死抓传统词根记忆in使…+struct建立→使知识建立→教导词根记忆in进+struct=把知识建立进去=指导词根记忆in+struct建筑→指示人如何建筑词根记忆in+struct建筑→指示人如何建筑近义词 orderteachtraincommandeducate
用作动词v.
用作及物动词
S+~+ n./pron.The sergeant was instructing the soldiers.那位军士在指导士兵。
She instructs music once a week at a middle school.在中学,她每周教一次音乐课。
用作双宾动词
S+~+ n./pron. +that-clauseMy agent has instructed me that you still owe me £50.我的代理人通知我,你还欠我50英镑。
I have been instructed that the defendant is unwell, and I therefore adjourn the case.我得到通知说被告生病,因此,我延期审理此案。
用作宾补动词
S+~+ n./pron. +to- vThe union issued an order instructing its members not to work overtime.工会发出指示,不让会员超时工作。
The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat.上尉命令士兵们撤退。
I've been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.我被命令在这儿等候,一直到那位老师来后再走。S+~+ n./pron. +wh-to- vI instructed him how to do the work.我教他怎样干这项工作。
I will instruct him whether to come today or tomorrow.我将通知他是今天来还是明天来。
Have you been instructed when to start?你是否得到关于出发时间的通知了?S+~+ n./pron. +wh-clauseWe should instruct the passengers what customs regulations are.我们应该向乘客说明海关规则是什么。Pinstructorn.教员讲师Pmetainstruction元指令Pmicroinstruction微指令Pnanoinstruction毫微指令Ppseudoinstruction假说明Pmacroinstructionn.宏指令Ppseudo-instruction伪指令Pinstructionn.指令教导命令Pinstructorshipn.讲师的职位Pinstructionala.教学的教育的Pinstructivea.有益的增进知识的Pquasi-instruction伪指令拟指令Pinstructeda.受教育的得到指示的被委派的Pinstructressn.女指导者女教练女教导女教员女讲师

v.动词

instruct的基本意思是“命令,指示”,多指上级对下级发号施令,也可指“教,讲授”,引申可指“通知”。

instruct多接指人的名词或代词作宾语,作“通知”解时还可接双宾语,其直接宾语可由that从句充当。instruct还可接以带或不带疑问词的动词不定式或wh-从句充当补足语的复合宾语。可用于被动结构。


动词100%
用作动词His uncleinstructedhim in French.他的叔叔教他法语。
Don'tinstructyour secretary to say you are out when you are in.不要教你的秘书在你在的时候说不在。
It does not pertain to the young toinstructtheir elders.年轻人不应该对老年人发号施令。
Pleaseinstructme how to do my work.请指导一下我如何工作。
The customer caninstructthe computer to perform financial services.顾客可指示计算机进行金融服务。verb.inform, teach
同义词 advise,brief,discipline,disclose,educate,guide,notify,tell,train,tutoracquaint,apprise,brainwash,coach,counsel,drill,engineer,enlighten,ground,lead,lecture,level,pilot,reveal,school,steer,updatebreak in,break it to,clue in,drum into,give lessons,keep posted,wise up
反义词 conceal,hide,learn,neglect,deceive,misleadaskverb.order, command
同义词 assign,direct,tell,warnbid,charge,define,enjoin,prescribe
反义词 ask,learn
adviseverb offer recommendation
admonish,advocate,caution,charge,commend,counsel,direct,dissuade,encourage,enjoin,exhort,forewarn,give a pointer,give a tip,guide,kibitz,level with,move,opine,point out,preach,prepare,prescribe,prompt,put bug in ear,put in two cents,recommend,steer,suggest,tout,update,urge,warn
advisesverb offer recommendation
admonishes,advocates,cautions,charges,commends,counsels,directs,dissuades,encourages,enjoins,exhorts,forewarns,gives a pointer,gives a tip,guides,instructs,kibitzes,levels with,moves,opines,points out,preaches,prepares,prescribes,prompts,puts bug in ear,puts in two cents,recommends,steers,suggests,touts,updates,urges,warns
badeverb ask for;command
called,greeted,told,wished
bidverb ask for;command
call,charge,demand,desire,direct,enjoin,instruct,invite,make a pass at,make a pitch,make a play for,order,proposition,request,require,solicit,summon,tell,warn
biddenverb ask for;command
call,charge,demand,desire,direct,enjoin,instruct,invite,make a pass at,make a pitch,make a play for,order,proposition,request,require,solicit,summon,tell,warn
break inverb train in new skill
accustom,condition,educate,gentle,get used to,habituate,initiate,instruct,prepare,tame The election of a president— a job with little political weight but, in the right hands, perhaps the power to instruct and hearten the citizenry—is an unusual reason for a crisis.
总统这个职位虽然政治重要性较轻,但从另一个角度来说,也可能成为一股教导、振奋市民的强大力量。 所以总统选举可能成为危机发生的一个特殊导火索。 ecocn

Avoid duplicating the work of a database server: Instruct DB2 to filter and process data according to your needs rather than doing this work in your application.
避免重复数据库服务器的工作:指示 DB2根据您的需要过滤和处理数据,而不是在应用程序中做这项工作。 ibm

There are many interesting reads on how garbage collection works, including the different algorithms you can instruct the JVM to use for its garbage collector.
关于垃圾收集如何工作,包括您可以指示 JVM用于其垃圾收集器的不同算法,有很多有趣的读物。 ibm

You might instruct your accounting team to slow down bill payment a bit and bring it back in line with prior practices. That could help produce better cash flow.
对于这个情况,你可以指示你的会计团队延缓一点帐单支付的速度,使之回到之前的水平,那么将有助于建立更稳健的现金流。 yeeyan
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