crowd-outCOCA²⁵⁴³³⁷⁺⁶BNC²³⁶²¹³⁺¹ 基本例句 na.排挤；🌏排挤效应；挤出；排挤了 Theoretical model research results show that the defense R&D has the crowd-out effects and there exists an economic growth- maximizing proportion of defense R&D and GDP. 同时，国家存在一个合理的、能够使国民经济增长达到最大化的国防科技研发投入比例，即国防科技研发投入与 GDP之比。 journal.bit.edu.cn