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con·tend 英kənˈtend美kənˈtɛndAHDkən-tĕndʹ ★★☆☆☆６研八ＴＩＧCOCA⁴⁷⁸⁵BNC¹⁴⁰⁸⁴iWeb⁷³⁸⁴Economist⁸¹⁴²
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v.竞争⁴⁸;争斗¹⁸;争辩³⁰;坚决主张⁴名词contender过去分词contended现在分词contending三单contends
v.动词
vi. 争论argue vt. 硬说assert
Verb:
maintain or assert;He contended that Communism had no future have an argument about somethingto make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation;They contested the outcome of the race come to terms with;We got by on just a gallon of gas They made do on half a loaf of bread every day compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against othersbe engaged in a fight; carry on a fight;the tribesmen fought each other Siblings are always fighting Militant groups are contending for control of the country
v.动词
contend, compete, contest这组词的共同意思是“争论,竞争”。其区别在于: compete指在体育或辩论等需竞争的活动中,为征服或取胜而进行的努力,有时暗示在奖赏的鼓励或刺激下进行竞争; 而contend暗示竞争的紧张程度，通常指双方成功的机会相等,所以,为取胜或征服对方,就需要艰苦的努力,强调奋斗或斗争的必要性; contest则指在竞争中毫无保留地展示自己,比如在总统竞选中,双方尽力展示自己的优势,以战胜对方。 contend, cope, fight这组词的共同意思是“争斗”。其区别在于: 1.contend表示与某人对峙或对立的争斗,侧重指压倒对方的欲望或所作出的努力; cope指均等之势的抗衡、对抗,也可指面临灾难、困难或变故等; fight指精神方面的战斗及用拳头或用武器进行打斗,强调体力和勇气。 2.contend和cope多用作不及物动词,后常接介词with; 而fight除可用作动词外,也可用作名词。 compete，contend，contest，rival这些动词均可表示“竞争”之意。 compete普通用词，含义广泛。既可指体育活动等活动中争取优胜的相互竞争，也可指为了自己的利益与他人竞争。 contend指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。 contest指为争夺土地、阵地、权力或荣誉等而展开的竞争。 rival指在两方或多方的竞争或比赛中，谁都想战胜或比得上对手。 con-，表强调，-tend，伸出，伸长。-ten含有多种引申词义，1、持，握，词源同tenure, contain。2、伸长，拉紧，词源同tend, tense。3、变细，变弱，attenuate, extenuate。 con来自短语confidence man的缩写，反讽，被信任的人欺骗。 tend来自拉丁语tendere，延伸，拉长，词源同attend, extend。引申词义倾向，趋向。 ten来自古英语ten。来自原始日耳曼语*tehun。来自原始印欧语*dekmt，十，词源同dean, December，进一步来自*de，二，词源同di-，二，*kmt，手。字面意思即两只手。ten-, tend-持有，握住，控制，延伸，伸长，试探，尝试，变细。来自拉丁语tenare，握住，控制。来自tendere，延伸，伸长，最终来自原始印欧语ten，伸长，拉。由该印欧词根主要引申如下词义：1，持有，握住，控制，词源同tenure, contain。2，延伸，伸长，词源同extend, tend。3，变细，变薄，词源同tender, thin。4、试探，尝试，词源同tentacle, tentative。 tenureten-，持有，握住，-ure，名词后缀。 containcon-，表强调，-tain，持，握，词源同detain, tension。 tend来自拉丁语tendere，延伸，拉长，词源同attend, extend。引申词义倾向，趋向。 tenseten-，拉长，伸长，-s，过去分格词。即拉紧的，引申词义紧张的。 attenuateat-，向，往，-ten，变细，词源同thin, extenuate。
用作动词 v.
～+副词contend boldly勇敢地斗争contend forcefully强有力地斗争contend narrowly勉强地斗争contend rightly正确地断言contend steadfastly坚定地斗争contend stubbornly顽固地斗争～+介词contend about silly trifles为鸡毛蒜皮的小事而争吵contend against a disease同疾病作斗争contend against the falsehood论证虚假不实的坏处contend against one's fate为自己的命运斗争contend against large international companies与国际性的大公司竞争contend against nature同大自然作斗争contend against an opponent同敌人斗争contend for control of the sea争夺制海权contend for the faith为信仰而斗争contend for nuclear superiority争夺核优势contend for a prize争夺奖品contend for spheres of influence争夺势力范围contend over the children为孩子问题发生争执contend with应付contend with one's creditor应付债主contend with each other for hegemony互相争霸contend with an embarrassing situation应付尴尬的局面contend with a problem处理一个问题
用作动词v.
contend about v.+prep.
为获得…而争吵 quarrel about (usually sth which both parties wish to possess) contend about sthSisters contended about silly trifles.姐妹们为鸡毛蒜皮的小事而争吵。
The two nations have been contending about the rights to deep-sea fishing in their waters.这两个国家一直为他们在水域中的深水捕鱼权问题争吵不休。
contend against v.+prep.
与天气等抗争 struggle against (sth with hope of success)
contend for v.+prep.
为获得…而竞争 try to win (sth such as a prize or trade in competition with others) contend for sthThree students contended for the prize.三名学生竞争这个奖品。
contend over v.+prep.
争夺某人或某物( quarrel about usually sth which both parties wish to possess) contend over sb/sthWhen a marriage ends, the former husband and wife often contend over the children.夫妇双方在离婚后,往往会争夺子女。
The fairy king and queen were contending over possession of the beautiful boy.仙王和仙后争着要占有这个英俊的孩子。
contend with v.+prep.
与某事物抗争; 苦于应付 struggle against (sth; suffer from dealing with) 钱博士con一起，加强语气+tend延展，拉长，在此引申为伸手去够→一起或努力伸手去够⇒竞争，争夺；奋斗，坚持，辩称
词根tend-延展，拉长来自拉丁语，过去分词形式为ens-ent-。它和拉丁词根ten-持有，抓住，保持同源，最终源自原始印欧语词根*ten-延展，拉长。GRE红宝书con一起, tend伸展－一起你拉我夺－竞争con一起, t踢, end结束: 互相踢直到有一人被结束了为止－竞争
con + tend 一起伸手脚→抢，抢足球篮球；con 一起 + tend 拉长，延伸，伸展→一起拉
con一起+tend伸展 →一起你拉我夺→争论con一起，加强语气+tend延展，拉长，在此引申为伸手去够→一起或努力伸手去够⇒竞争，争夺；奋斗，坚持，辩称。非常记忆c看见〖编码see〗+on在…上〖谐音〗+tend倾向〖熟词〗⇒看见台上的人倾向于主张改革词根记忆con + tend伸展→ 你拉我夺 ⇒竞争词根记忆con一起+tend=一起你拉我夺=争论词根记忆con＋tend伸展→为了扩展而竞争近义词 run跑play玩vie竞争cope应付duel决斗deal协定argue说服state情形fight战斗fence栅栏resist抵制oppose反对assert断言insist坚持debate辩论strive奋斗differ不同tussle扭打repugn反对get by通过manage管理compete竞争quarrel吵架contest竞赛wrangle争论rival竞争者grapple抓住struggle努力maintain维持profess 声称make out起草deal with讨论challenge挑战postulate假定put up with忍受jangle发出刺耳声declare宣布声明…make do凑合着用, 将就…
用作动词v.
用作及物动词
S+～+that-clauseWe contended that every college student must have a command of a foreign language.我们坚持认为每位大学生必须掌握一门外语。
Columbus contended that the earth was round.哥伦布坚信地球是圆的。
The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.警方争辩说他们碰到的困难太大。
He contended that there must be life on Mars.他坚信火星上面一定有生物。Pcontending争先的Pcontendern.参赛者争论者斗争者竞争者
v.动词
contend的基本意思是非敌意、平等地“争”,其对手一般是人而不是物,其手段是“文争”而不是“武斗”,其性质仅限于竞争而不是敌意,其目的仅限于制服而不是打败。本词强调为取胜而付出艰苦努力的必要性及紧张程度,引申可表示“声称”“主张”。 contend作“竞争”解时是不及物动词,接介词about或over表示“为…争吵或争夺”; 接介词against表示“与…斗争或竞争”; 接介词for表示“为获得…而竞争”; 接介词with表示“应付,对付”。 contend作“声称”“主张”解时是及物动词,接that从句作宾语。
动词100%
用作动词Three armed groups werecontendingfor power.三个武装集团在争夺权力。
John has tocontendwith great difficulties.约翰得与那些艰难困苦作斗争。
They have tocontendagainst drought every year.他们每年都得与干旱做斗争。
But the potential is simply too significant, the expertscontend.但是专家们主张，潜力是非常重要的。verb.compete, fight
同义词 argue,confront,cope,dispute,go after,grapple,meet,oppose,push for,resist,viebattle,clash,contest,controvert,emulate,encounter,face,jostle,litigate,oppugn,push,rival,skirmish,stand,strive,struggle,tug,withstandgive all one's got,give one's all,go for,go for broke,go for it,go for jugular,have at,jockey for position,knock oneself out,lock horns,make play for,mix it up with,scramble for,shoot at,shoot for,tangle with
反义词 agree,comply,go along,hide,make peace,retreat,surrender,yieldabandon,cede,desert,give in,give up,leaveverb.claim, assert
同义词 allege,assert,charge,claim,defend,dispute,insist,maintain,say,tell,urgeaffirm,aver,avow,blast,cross,debate,dictate,enjoin,hold,justify,mix,prescribe,report,rip,vindicate,warrant,zapcome at,fly in face of,gang up on,go at,have at,have bone to pick,jump on,lace into,lay into,let have it,light into,lock horns with,mix it up,put up argument,set to,sock it to one,stick it to,take on
反义词 deny,desert,forget,question,divide,separateunmix,abandon,cede,give in,give up,leave,retreat,surrender
argueverb try to convince;present support
appeal,assert,attest,claim,controvert,defend,demonstrate,denote,display,elucidate,establish,evince,exhibit,explain,hold,imply,indicate,justify,maintain,manifest,persuade,plead,present,prevail upon,reason,show,suggest,talk into,testify,vindicate,warrant,witness
arguesverb try to convince;present support
altercates,bandies,battles,bickers,breaks with,bucks,bumps heads,contends,crosses,crosses swords,disagrees,disputes,faces down,faces off,feuds,gangs up on,gets in one's face,goes one on one,hammers,hammers away,has at each other,has at it,hash over,hashes,hassles,jumps,jumps on,knocks around,locks horns,mixes it up,pettifos,picks an argument,puts up a fight,puts up a struggle,quarrels,quibbles,rehashes,rows,sasses,sets to,socks it to,squabbles,sticks it to,talks back,wrangles
arguingverb try to convince;present support
altercating,bandying,battling,bickering,breaking with,bucking,bumping heads,contending,crossing,crossing swords,disagreeing,disputing,facing down,facing off,feuding,ganging up on,getting in one's face,going one on one,hammering,hammering away,hash over,hashing,hassling,having at each other,having at it,jumping,jumping on,knocking around,locking horns,mixing it up,pettifoing,picking an argument,putting up a fight,putting up a struggle,quarrelling,quibbling,rehashing,rowing,sassing,setting to,socking it to,squabbling,sticking it to,talking back,wrangling
assertverb insist, declare, maintain
advance,affirm,allege,argue,asseverate,attest,aver,avouch,avow,cite,claim,contend,defend,justify,predicate,press,proclaim,profess,pronounce,protest,put forward,say,stand up for,state,stress,swear,uphold,warrant
assertingverb insist, declare, maintain
advancing,affirming,alleging,arguingasservatingattesting,averring,avouching,avowing,butt in,citing,claiming,contending,defending,horning in,justifying,mouth off,popping off,predicating,pressing,proclaiming,professing,pronouncing,protesting,putting forward,saying,shooting off one's mouth,shooting one's wad,standing up for,stating,stressing,swearing,upholding,vindicating,warranting
assertsverb insist, declare, maintain
advances,affirms,alleges,arguesasservatesattests,avers,avouches,avows,butt in,cites,claims,contends,defends,horns in,justifies,mouth off,pops off,predicates,presses,proclaims,professes,pronounces,protests,puts forward,says,shoots off one's mouth,shoots one's wad,stands up for,states,stresses,swears,upholds,vindicates,warrants I contend that every code base includes idiomatic patterns, so any project would do.
我认为每个代码库都包括惯用模式，所以可以使用任何项目。 ibm
I contend that those who practice as the picture reveals miss the essence and deep values of our traditions.
不过，我认为图中揭示的这种做法没有抓住我们传统文化的本质和深层价值。 iciba
John has to contend with great difficulties.
约翰得与那些艰难困苦作斗争。 tingvoa
One after another, in what felt like a very surreal experience, I had to contend with a series of seriously insightful questions.
一次又一次，我好像是经历着超现实，我试图和盖茨辩论一系列的很有深度的问题。 blog.sina.com.cn
People will also have to contend with unpredictable shifts in weather patterns.
同时，人们要同无法预测的变化的气候模式做斗争。 ecocn
Some contend that current immigration laws unfairly discriminate against certain racial groups.
有些人争论现行的移民法不公平地歧视某些种族团体. ebigear
Supporters contend these laws are simply meant to ensure the integrity of the voting process.
支持者主张这些法律仅仅为了保证投票过程的公正。 ecocn
The Western broadcasters contend they have simply moved with the times.
但西方广播界争辨说他们只是“与时俱进”而已。 yeeyan
These critics contend schools narrowed their focus to comply with the law.
这些批评者认为，学校为了遵守法律而缩小教学中心。 yeeyan
They gain numbers and prominence, but they also have to contend with resistance and hostility from those who feel threatened.
他们获得数字并引人注目，但是他们也不得不和那些感到威胁和敌意的抵抗斗争。 yeeyan
They contend that elected politicians should write laws and judges should apply them, or throw them out if they violate the constitution.
他们主张，立法是民选政治家的事，而法官的工作则是应用这些法律，或者当这些法律违宪时将之弃置不顾。 yeeyan
We contend that history written without the insights that emerge from systematically applying economic theory and method will be incomplete and impoverished.
我们主张，没有系统运用经济理论和方法而获得洞见的历史写作是不完整的、苍白空乏的。 yeeyan
Whatever caused the ancient fluctuations in isotope ratios, the researchers contend, those variations are a sign that climate back then varied from year to year just as it does today.
研究者们主张，不论是什么因素导致了氧同位素在古代的波动，这些波动确实证明了当时气候也曾逐年变化，就如同现在一样。 ufochn |